The Philosophy of Virtues makes freedom the substrate of every virtue and holds, as its theological thesis, that God is Freedom. Every formal paper in the programme declares that thesis unused. This article is the exception: it engages the layer in order to constrain it, and the constraint turns out to be structural rather than devotional. The substitution fails, and it fails for a reason interna…

Recent arguments for artificial consciousness—most notably Goldstein & Kirk-Giannini's case for machine consciousness in language agents—revive an older style of reasoning: fixing a theory's functional conditions through thought experiments, then relaxing them until intuition permits inclusion, without asking what grounds the point of view such conditions are meant to capture. I argue that this b…

In physics, Coulomb’s Law calculates the electrical force between two charges. Inside this formula, there is a strict requirement for a constant called ( $\varepsilon _{0}$ ) (epsilon naught), which represents the 'permittivity of free space'. Essentially, this constant measures how much 'empty space' resists or allows an electric field to pass through it.Here is the paradox: We are taught that t…

When people think of volcanoes, they imagine large, devastating eruptions and lava streams gushing from the summit of an edifice. However, even when volcanoes are not visibly 'active', there can be more lurking below the surface.  Hydrothermal alteration is one of the important and often less-talked-about culprits that changes dome-forming rocks and minerals from within. It can occur in parallel …

Low birth rates, an aging population, and labor shortages: political debates often present a surprisingly simple answer to all three — more babies. Yet a narrow focus on birth rates risks overlooking the conditions in which children are born and raised, as well as the far-reaching effects pronatalist policies can have on women’s lives. At the same time, conservative ideas about family and gender …

Cline is an open source, autonomous coding agent. Instead of just autocompleting the line you're typing, Cline can read your entire project, plan out a set of changes, edit multiple files, run terminal commands, and check its own work against linter and compiler errors, all with you reviewing and approving each step. It started as a VS Code extension (previously known as "Claude Dev"), but it has…

homotopy theory, (∞,1)-category theory, homotopy type theory flavors: stable, equivariant, rational, p-adic, proper, geometric, cohesive, directed… models: topological, simplicial, localic, … see also algebraic topology Introductions Introduction to Basic Homotopy Theory Introduction to Abstract Homotopy Theory geometry of physics – homotopy types Definitions Paths and cylinders Homotopy groups B…

Webb follows a halo orbit around the moving Sun-Earth L2 region, where one sunshield can block the Sun, Earth and Moon, but the design leaves no Hubble-style repair plan.

Individual psychological flexibility is reliably associated with worker health, and interventions that raise it improve how individuals fare; yet such interventions do not reliably change the organizations those individuals belong to. This paper takes that disparity as its starting point and argues that the missing link is propagation rather than production: organizational flexibility is not the …